Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Measuring heart rate variability using a heart rate monitor in horses ( Equus caballus ) during groundwork

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.939534

Figure Lengend Snippet: Table representing the mean difference between the ECG and HRM and the standard deviation of the differences and the upper and lower limit of the 95% confidence interval, for the mean heart rate (HR) in beats per minute, and time-based parameters of heart rate variability (SDNN in ms and RMSSD in ms) during both the baseline conditions (B) and groundwork (GW) for the horses ( n = 28).

Article Snippet: Kruuse ECG Electrodes were connected to the Televet 100 (Engel Engineering, Heusenstamm, Germany) which was also attached to the girth to prevent movement of the equipment while the horse is walking, electrode location is shown in .

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

Article Title: Alterations of sympathetic dynamics after atrial fibrillation ablation by analysis sympathetic nerve activity provide prognostic value for recurrence and mechanistic insights into ablation

doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1024156

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The framework for skin nerve activity (SKNA) extraction: neuECG signal was originally recorded for 10 min sampling at 10,000 Hz and the neural activity signal was extracted by a 500-Hz high-pass filter and then a 1,000 Hz low-pass filter to remove the ECG signal. (B) Illustration of the extracted iSKNA (integrated SKNA) and aSKNA (averaged SKNA) signals: (1) the recorded neuECG signal; (2) the SKNA signal after high-pass filtering; (3) the iSKNA signal was derived by rectifying and summing up the SKNA signal with a non-overlapping 100 ms time window; (4) the iSKNA signal can be further averaged for different durations (e.g., 1, 5, or 10 s) to represent the dynamics of the sympathetic system interacting with the parasympathetic system for different time frames.

Article Snippet: The electrical signal on the skin was detected using standard ECG patch electrodes connected to a fully programmable amplifier (MP36, BIOPAC, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Extraction, Sampling, Derivative Assay